Imagine there is a small island, like Malta, and the ecosystem has no external inputs (no fertilizer delivery, etc).
What does a sustainable plant based agriculture system look like? Are there already existing examples?
I’m very interested in how top soil is maintained without external fertilizer inputs?
One area of concern, I have, with modern monocrop farming techniques is the depletion of top soil, with something like 60 crop cycles left before we are current system falls over.
In short, replicate nature. Any ecosystem given suitable conditions will progress through the natural succession process until it eventually becomes a forest, so in the vast majority of lands suitable for agriculture, a food forest is the solution. By using syntropic agroforestry techniques, soil fertility can actually improve over time.
Examples: