Cloudflare is a decent service, with really good security. Plus, with their tunnelling feature, they’re helping to keep you private. If you just pointed your A record to your IP, that’d be visible to everyone. Instead, your A record is just visible to Cloudflare. Plus it’s handy if you’re using them to forward a bunch of services onto the net. Not to mention all the other security features you can use. DNS records by design, are not private.
Others have done a good job at explaining what this is. Though, a quick tip.
If you’re ever unsure about what a component is, do a quick search for what those chips are. In this case, I see several Asmedia asm1061. In 5 minutes you should know more about that component.